 |
| General |
| Name | Zirconium |
| Symbol | Zr |
| Number | 40 |
| Group Number | 4 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 6.4 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 91.22 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 14.1 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1789 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 2128 K |
| Boiling Point | 4682 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 14 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 573 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 660 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1266.8 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2218.2 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.33 |
| Electron Affinity | 41.1 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.27 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 609 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,10,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 4 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 4 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | hexagonal close-packed |
| Characteristics | hard, relatively inert |
| Color | grayish-white |
| Uses | deodorants, fuel rod clad |
| Hardness | mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht =>Zr2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | passivated |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 5 |
| Hydride | ZrH2 |
| Oxide | ZrO2 |
| Chloride | ZrCl3 ZrCl4 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 160 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | Nil |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 22.7 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 25 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 17.9 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Zircon (silicate) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 1.057 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 2.24 log |
|
