 |
| General |
| Name | Yttrium |
| Symbol | Y |
| Number | 39 |
| Group Number | 3 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 4.47 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 88.9059 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 19.8 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1794 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1799 K |
| Boiling Point | 3609 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 11.42 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 365 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 615.6 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1181 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 1979.9 |
| Electronegativity | 1.22 |
| Electron Affinity | 29.6 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.30 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 423 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 3 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 3 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | hexagonal |
| Characteristics | forms protective oxide |
| Color | silvery |
| Uses | YAG laser, TV phosphor |
| Hardness | mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | vigorous, =>Y2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | mild, =>H2, YCl3 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | vigorous, =>Y(NO3)3 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 1 |
| Hydride | YH2 YH3 |
| Oxide | Y2O3 |
| Chloride | YCl3 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 180 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 104 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 17.2 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 16.9 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 22.7 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | xenotime (phosphate) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 0.667 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1.51 log |
|
