 |
| General |
| Name | Vanadium |
| Symbol | V |
| Number | 23 |
| Group Number | 5 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 5.8 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 50.9415 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 8.78 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1830 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 2183 K |
| Boiling Point | 1910 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 21.5 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 459 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 650.3 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1413.5 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2828 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.63 |
| Electron Affinity | 50.7 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.49 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 514 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,11,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -1 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 5 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 5 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | cubic body centered |
| Characteristics | soft |
| Color | bright white |
| Uses | tool steel, V2O5 catalyst |
| Hardness | mohs |
| Toxicity | Yes |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht =>V2O5, VN |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | VH VH2 |
| Oxide | VO V2O3 VO2 V2O5 |
| Chloride | VCl2 VCl3 VCl4 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 134 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | 93 pm |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 78 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 30.7 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 39.37 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 12.4 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | U, Pb vanadates (misc) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 2.467 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 2.1 log |
|
