 |
| General |
| Name | Tin |
| Symbol | Sn |
| Number | 50 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group | Metal, Carbon group |
| Block | p |
| Density | 7.30 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 118.69 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 16.3 cm3/mol |
| Discover | None |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 505.08 K |
| Boiling Point | 2875 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 7.03 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 296.1 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 708.6 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1411.8 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2943 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.88 |
| Electron Affinity | 120 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.227 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 302 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,18,4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -4 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 4 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 4 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | tetragonal |
| Characteristics | resists corrosion 2 forms |
| Color | silvery-white |
| Uses | solder, pewter, bronze |
| Hardness | 1.65 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht, =>SnO2 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>SnO2, NOx |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | mild, =>H2, [Sn(OH)6] 2- |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 10 |
| Hydride | SnH4 Sn2H6 |
| Oxide | SnO SnO2 |
| Chloride | SnCl2 SnCl4 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 140.5 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | Nil |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 66.8 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 90.909 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 7.7 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Cassiterite (oxide) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 0.582 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 0.3 log |
|
