Zinc

Zinc Element Properties

d29
Cu
Copper
d30
Zn
Zinc
p31
Ga
Gallium
General
NameZinc
SymbolZn
Number30
Group Number12
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density7.14 g/cm3
Atomic Weight65.38 g/mol
Atomic Volume9.2 cm3/mol
Discover1600


States
StateSolid
Melting Point692.68 K
Boiling Point1180 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion7.32 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization123.6 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy906.4 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1733.2 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy3832.6 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1.65
Electron AffinityNil
Specific Heat0.39 J/gK
Heat Atomization131 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,18,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number0
Maximum Oxidation Number2
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number2


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurehexagonal
Characteristicsbrittle
Colorsilvery
Usesbatteries, galvanizing
Hardness2.5 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airvigorous, =>ZnO
Reaction with 6M HClmild, =>H2, ZnCl2
Reaction with 15M HNO3vigorous, =>Zn(NO3)2, NOx
Reaction with 6M NaOHmild, =>[Zn(OH)4](2-), H2


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes5
HydrideZnH2
OxideZnO
ChlorideZnCl2


Radius
Atomic Radius134 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)88 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)Nil


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity116 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity169.033 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability6.4 A3


Abundance
SourceSphalerite (sulfide)
Relation Abundance Solar System3.100 log
Abundance Earth's Crust1.79 log


d29
Cu
Copper
d30
Zn
Zinc
p31
Ga
Gallium