Titanium

Titanium Element Properties

d21
Sc
Scandium
d22
Ti
Titanium
d23
V
Vanadium
General
NameTitanium
SymbolTi
Number22
Group Number4
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density4.50 g/cm3
Atomic Weight47.90 g/mol
Atomic Volume10.64 cm3/mol
Discover1791


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1941 K
Boiling Point3560 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion14.15 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization425 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy658 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1310.3 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy2652.5 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1.54
Electron Affinity7.6 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.52 J/gK
Heat Atomization470 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,10,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number-1
Maximum Oxidation Number4
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number4


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurehexagonal
Characteristicsmax strength/weight ratio
Colorgray
Usessteel,white pigment(TiO2)
Hardnessmohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airmild, w/ht =>TiO2, TiN
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3None
Reaction with 6M NaOHpassivated


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes5
HydrideTiH2
OxideTiO Ti2O3 TiO2 + more
ChlorideTiCl2 TiCl3 TiCl4


Radius
Atomic Radius147 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)100 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)81 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity21.9 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity23.81 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability14.6 A3


Abundance
SourceIlmenite, rutile(oxide)
Relation Abundance Solar System3.380 log
Abundance Earth's Crust3.8 log


d21
Sc
Scandium
d22
Ti
Titanium
d23
V
Vanadium