Thallium Element Properties, Metal Group, Periodic Table of the Elements
Thallium
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Thallium Element Properties |
 | | General |
| Name | Thallium |
| Symbol | Tl |
| Number | 81 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group | Metal |
| Block | p |
| Density | 11.85 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 204.37 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 17.2 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1861 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 577 K |
| Boiling Point | 1746 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 4.14 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 165 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 589.4 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1971 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2878 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.83 |
| Electron Affinity | 20 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.13 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 182 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,32,18,3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 3 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 3 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | hexagonal |
| Characteristics | soft |
| Color | bluish-gray |
| Uses | IR detectors, photomult. |
| Hardness | 1.2 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, =>Tl2O |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>TlNO3 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | None |
| Oxide | Tl2O Tl2O3 |
| Chloride | TlCl TlCl3 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 170 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | 164 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 102.5 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 46.1 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 55.556 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 7.6 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Zn/Pb smelting by-product |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | -0.735 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | -0.3 log |
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