Scandium Element Properties, Transition metals Group, Periodic Table of the Elements
Scandium
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Scandium Element Properties |
 | | General |
| Name | Scandium |
| Symbol | Sc |
| Number | 21 |
| Group Number | 3 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 3.0 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 44.9559 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 15.0 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1879 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1814 K |
| Boiling Point | 3109 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 14.1 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 332.7 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 631 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1235 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2389 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.36 |
| Electron Affinity | 18.1 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.6 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 378 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d1 4s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 3 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 3 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | hexagonal |
| Characteristics | soft |
| Color | silvery-white |
| Uses | no significant uses |
| Hardness | mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | vigorous, =>Sc2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | mild, =>H2, ScCl3 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>Sc(NO3)3 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 1 |
| Hydride | ScH2 ScH3 |
| Oxide | Sc2O3 |
| Chloride | ScCl3 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 162 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 88.5 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 15.8 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 19.2 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 17.8 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | U extractn by-product |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 1.534 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1.3 log |
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