Rhodium

Rhodium Element Properties

d44
Ru
Ruthenium
d45
Rh
Rhodium
d46
Pd
Palladium
General
NameRhodium
SymbolRh
Number45
Group Number9
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density12.4 g/cm3
Atomic Weight102.9055 g/mol
Atomic Volume8.3 cm3/mol
Discover1803


States
StateSolid
Melting Point2237 K
Boiling Point3968 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion26.59 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization494 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy719.8 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1744.4 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy2996.8 kJ/mole
Electronegativity2.28
Electron Affinity109.7 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.242 J/gK
Heat Atomization556 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,18,16,1
Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Minimum Oxidation Number-1
Maximum Oxidation Number6
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number3


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic face centered
Characteristicsforms hard coatings
Colorsilvery-white
Usescatalysts, elec. contacts
Hardnessmohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airnone, w/ht =>Rh2O3
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3None
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes1
HydrideNone
OxideRh2O3 RhO2
ChlorideRhCl3


Radius
Atomic Radius134 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)80.5 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity150 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity221.729 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability8.6 A3


Abundance
Sourcenickel ores (sulfides)
Relation Abundance Solar System-0.463 log
Abundance Earth's Crust-3 log


d44
Ru
Ruthenium
d45
Rh
Rhodium
d46
Pd
Palladium