Palladium

Palladium Element Properties

d45
Rh
Rhodium
d46
Pd
Palladium
d47
Ag
Silver
General
NamePalladium
SymbolPd
Number46
Group Number10
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density12.02 g/cm3
Atomic Weight106.4 g/mol
Atomic Volume8.9 cm3/mol
Discover1803


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1828.05 K
Boiling Point3236 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion16.74 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization362 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy804.7 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1894 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy3177.2 kJ/mole
Electronegativity2.2
Electron Affinity53.7 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.24 J/gK
Heat Atomization378 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,18,18
Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d10
Minimum Oxidation Number0
Maximum Oxidation Number4
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number4


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic face centered
Characteristicsabsorbs H2
Colorsilvery-white
Usescatalysts, dental crowns
Hardness4.8 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airmild, w/ht, =>PdO
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3mild, =>Pd(NO3)2
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes6
HydridePdHx x<1 non-stoich
OxidePdO
ChloridePdCl2


Radius
Atomic Radius137 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)100 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)90 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity71.8 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity94.8 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability4.8 A3


Abundance
Sourcenickel ores (sulfides)
Relation Abundance Solar System0.143 log
Abundance Earth's Crust-2 log


d45
Rh
Rhodium
d46
Pd
Palladium
d47
Ag
Silver