Nickel

Nickel Element Properties

d27
Co
Cobalt
d28
Ni
Nickel
d29
Cu
Copper
General
NameNickel
SymbolNi
Number28
Group Number10
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density8.90 g/cm3
Atomic Weight58.71 g/mol
Atomic Volume6.59 cm3/mol
Discover1751


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1728 K
Boiling Point3186 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion17.48 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization377.5 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy736.7 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1752.9 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy3393.4 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1.91
Electron Affinity111.5 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.44 J/gK
Heat Atomization430 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,16,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number-1
Maximum Oxidation Number4
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number2


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structureface centered cubic
Characteristicshard, takes a high polish
Colorsilvery-white
Usesalloys, coins, batteries
Hardnessmohs
ToxicityYes


Reactions
Reaction with Airmild, w/ht =>NiO
Reaction with 6M HClmild, =>H2, NiCl2
Reaction with 15M HNO3passivated
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes5
HydrideNiH
OxideNiO
ChlorideNiCl2


Radius
Atomic Radius124 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)83 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)72 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity90.9 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity146.199 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability6.8 A3


Abundance
Sourcesulfides, oxide/silicates
Relation Abundance Solar System4.693 log
Abundance Earth's Crust1.9 log


d27
Co
Cobalt
d28
Ni
Nickel
d29
Cu
Copper