Molybdenum

Molybdenum Element Properties

d41
Nb
Niobium
d42
Mo
Molybdenum
d43
Tc
Technetium
General
NameMolybdenum
SymbolMo
Number42
Group Number6
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density10.2 g/cm3
Atomic Weight95.94 g/mol
Atomic Volume9.4 cm3/mol
Discover1781


States
StateSolid
Melting Point2896 K
Boiling Point4912 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion37.48 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization617 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy684.9 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1588.2 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy2620.5 kJ/mole
Electronegativity2.24
Electron Affinity72 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.25 J/gK
Heat Atomization658 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,18,13,1
Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Minimum Oxidation Number-2
Maximum Oxidation Number6
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number6


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic body centered
Characteristicsvery hard
Colorsilvery-white
Usescatalysts, tool steel
Hardnessmohs
ToxicityNo


Reactions
Reaction with Airnone, w/ht =>MoO3
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3None
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes7
HydrideNone
OxideMoO2 MoO3
ChlorideMoClx [x=2-6]


Radius
Atomic Radius139 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)83 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity138 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity192.308 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability12.8 A3


Abundance
SourceMolybdenite (sulfide)
Relation Abundance Solar System0.407 log
Abundance Earth's Crust0.2 log


d41
Nb
Niobium
d42
Mo
Molybdenum
d43
Tc
Technetium