Manganese

Manganese Element Properties

d24
Cr
Chromium
d25
Mn
Manganese
d26
Fe
Iron
General
NameManganese
SymbolMn
Number25
Group Number7
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density7.43 g/cm3
Atomic Weight54.9380 g/mol
Atomic Volume1.39 cm3/mol
Discover1774


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1519 K
Boiling Point2334 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion12.91 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization221 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy717.4 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1509 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy3248.3 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1.55
Electron AffinityNil
Specific Heat0.48 J/gK
Heat Atomization281 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,13,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number-3
Maximum Oxidation Number7
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number7


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic A12
Characteristicshard, brittle
Colorgray-white
Usessteel, dry cells(MnO2)
Hardness5 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airmild, w/ht =>Mn3O4, Mn3N2
Reaction with 6M HClmild, =>H2, MnCl2
Reaction with 15M HNO3mild, =>Mn(NO3)2, NOx
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes1
HydrideNone
OxideMnO Mn3O4 Mn2O3 MnO2 Mn2O7
ChlorideMnCl2


Radius
Atomic Radius127 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)89 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)75.3 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity7.81 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity5.405 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability9.4 A3


Abundance
SourcePyrolusite,psilomelane(oxide)
Relation Abundance Solar System3.980 log
Abundance Earth's Crust3 log


d24
Cr
Chromium
d25
Mn
Manganese
d26
Fe
Iron