Lithium Element Properties, Alkali Metals Group, Periodic Table of the Elements
Lithium
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Lithium Element Properties |
 | | General |
| Name | Lithium |
| Symbol | Li |
| Number | 3 |
| Group Number | 1 |
| Group | Alkali Metals |
| Block | s |
| Density | 0.53 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 6.94 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 13.10 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1817 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 453.69 K |
| Boiling Point | 1615 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | 3223 K |
| Heat of Fusion | 3.00 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 147.1 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 520.2 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 7394.4 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 11814.6 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 0.98 |
| Electron Affinity | 59.63 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 3.6 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 161 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,1 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s22s1 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -1 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 1 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 1 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | body centered cubic |
| Characteristics | soft, lightest solid |
| Color | silvery |
| Uses | batteries, lubricant |
| Hardness | 0.6 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | vigorous, =>Li2O |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | vigorous, =>H2, LiCl |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | vigorous, =>LiNO3 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | mild, =>H2, LiOH |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | LiH |
| Oxide | Li2O |
| Chloride | LiCl |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 152 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | 90 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | Nil |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 84.8 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 107.8 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 24.3 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Spodumene (silicate) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 1.757 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1.3 log |
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