Calcium

Calcium Element Properties

s19
K
Potassium
s20
Ca
Calcium
d21
Sc
Scandium
General
NameCalcium
SymbolCa
Number20
Group Number2
GroupAlkali earth metals
Blocks
Density1.55 g/cm3
Atomic Weight40.08 g/mol
Atomic Volume29.9 cm3/mol
Discover1808


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1115 K
Boiling Point1115 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization154.7 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy589.8 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1145.4 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy4911.8 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1
Electron AffinityNil
Specific Heat0.63 J/gK
Heat Atomization178 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,8,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number0
Maximum Oxidation Number2
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number2


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic face centered
Characteristicsburns brightly
Colorsilvery-white
Useslime, cement
Hardness1.5 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airvigorous, =>CaO, Ca3N2
Reaction with 6M HClvigorous, =>H2, CaCl2
Reaction with 15M HNO3vigorous, =>H2, Ca(NO3)2
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes6
HydrideCaH2
OxideCaO
ChlorideCaCl2


Radius
Atomic Radius197 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)114 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)Nil


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity201 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity255.754 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability22.8 A3


Abundance
SourceCalcite (oxide)
Relation Abundance Solar System4.786 log
Abundance Earth's Crust4.65 log


s19
K
Potassium
s20
Ca
Calcium
d21
Sc
Scandium