Boron Element Properties, Non-Metal Group, Periodic Table of the Elements
Boron
|
Boron Element Properties |
 | | General |
| Name | Boron |
| Symbol | B |
| Number | 5 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group | Non-Metal |
| Block | p |
| Density | 2.34 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 10.81 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 4.6 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1808 |
|
| States |
| State | solid |
| Melting Point | 2349 K |
| Boiling Point | 4200 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 480 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 800.6 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 2427 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 3659.7 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 2.04 |
| Electron Affinity | 26.7 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 1.02 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 573 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,3 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 3 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 3 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | rhombohedral |
| Characteristics | B12 icosahedra; 3 forms |
| Color | black/brown |
| Uses | borax, glass making(B2O3) |
| Hardness | 9.5 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht =>B2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | None |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | B2H6 and many BxHy |
| Oxide | B2O3 |
| Chloride | BCl3 and many BxCly |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 85 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 41 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 27.4 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 0 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 3 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Na and Ca borates (misc) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 1.326 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1 log |
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