 |
| General |
| Name | Silicon |
| Symbol | Si |
| Number | 14 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group | Non-Metal, Carbon group |
| Block | p |
| Density | 2.33 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 28.0855 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 12.1 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1824 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1687 K |
| Boiling Point | 3538 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 50.21 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 359 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 786.4 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1577 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 3231.5 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.9 |
| Electron Affinity | 133.6 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.71 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 452 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -4 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 4 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | -4 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 4 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | Diamond cubic |
| Characteristics | semimetal |
| Color | gray-black |
| Uses | comp chip,lubricant,glass |
| Hardness | 7 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, =>SiO2 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | None |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | mild, =>silicates |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 3 |
| Hydride | SiH4 Si2H6 + more |
| Oxide | SiO2 |
| Chloride | SiCl4 Si2Cl6 + more |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 117.6 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | Nil |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 149 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 0.012 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 5.4 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Quartz (oxide) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 6.000 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 5.5 log |
|
