 |
| General |
| Name | Phosphorus |
| Symbol | P |
| Number | 15 |
| Group Number | 15 |
| Group | Non-Metal, Nitrogen group |
| Block | p |
| Density | 1.82 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 30.97376 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 17.0 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1669 |
|
| States |
| State | solid |
| Melting Point | 317.3 K |
| Boiling Point | 550 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 0.66 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 12.4 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 1011.7 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1903.2 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2911.9 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 |
| Electron Affinity | 72.07 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.77 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 315 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,5 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -3 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 5 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | -3 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 5 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | special: P4 tetrahedra |
| Characteristics | (P4) pyrophoric, 15 forms |
| Color | white-yellow |
| Uses | fertilizer, detergents |
| Hardness | 0.5 mohs |
| Toxicity | Yes |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | vigorous,=>P4O10, ignites |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>NOx |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | mild, =>PH3, may ignite |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 1 |
| Hydride | PH3 P2H4 + more |
| Oxide | P4O10 P4O6 |
| Chloride | PCl3 PCl5 P2Cl4 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 110 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 58 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.24 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 0 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 3.6 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Apatite (phosphate) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 4.017 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 3 log |
|
