 |
| General |
| Name | Nickel |
| Symbol | Ni |
| Number | 28 |
| Group Number | 10 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 8.90 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 58.71 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 6.59 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1751 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1728 K |
| Boiling Point | 3186 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 17.48 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 377.5 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 736.7 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1752.9 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 3393.4 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.91 |
| Electron Affinity | 111.5 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.44 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 430 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,16,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d8 4s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -1 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 4 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 2 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | face centered cubic |
| Characteristics | hard, takes a high polish |
| Color | silvery-white |
| Uses | alloys, coins, batteries |
| Hardness | mohs |
| Toxicity | Yes |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht =>NiO |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | mild, =>H2, NiCl2 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | passivated |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 5 |
| Hydride | NiH |
| Oxide | NiO |
| Chloride | NiCl2 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 124 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | 83 pm |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 72 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 90.9 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 146.199 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 6.8 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | sulfides, oxide/silicates |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 4.693 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1.9 log |
|
