 |
| General |
| Name | Gallium |
| Symbol | Ga |
| Number | 31 |
| Group Number | 13 |
| Group | Metal |
| Block | p |
| Density | 5.907 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 69.723 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 11.8 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1875 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 302.9146 K |
| Boiling Point | 2477 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 254 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 578.8 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1978.9 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 2963 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.81 |
| Electron Affinity | 30 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.37 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 286 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 3 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 3 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | orthorhombic |
| Characteristics | melts near r.t.wets glass |
| Color | silvery-blue |
| Uses | photocells, transistors |
| Hardness | 1.5 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, =>Ga2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | mild, =>GaCl3, H2 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | None |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | mild, =>[Ga(OH)4]2-, H2 |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | GaH3 |
| Oxide | Ga2O3 |
| Chloride | GaCl Ga2Cl6 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 135 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 76 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 48.3 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 57.471 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 8.1 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Bauxite (oxide) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 1.577 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1.2 log |
|
