 |
| General |
| Name | Carbon |
| Symbol | C |
| Number | 6 |
| Group Number | 14 |
| Group | Non-Metal, Carbon group |
| Block | p |
| Density | 2.62 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 12.011 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 4.58 cm3/mol |
| Discover | Nil |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 3823.2 K |
| Boiling Point | Nil |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 100 kJ/mol(Graphite) |
| Heat of Vaporization | 715 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 1086.4 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 2352.6 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 4620.4 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 2.55 |
| Electron Affinity | 121.85 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.71 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 717 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,4 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -4 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 4 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | -4 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 4 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | hexagonal |
| Characteristics | 6 forms: graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene |
| Color | black |
| Uses | fuel(coal), lubricant |
| Hardness | 0.8 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | vigorous, =>CO2 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild,w/ht=>C6(COOH)6 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 3 |
| Hydride | CH4 and many CxHy |
| Oxide | CO CO2 |
| Chloride | CCl4 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 77.2 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | Nil |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 1.59 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 0.727 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 1.8 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 7.004 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 2.3 log |
|
