 |
| General |
| Name | Bromine |
| Symbol | Br |
| Number | 35 |
| Group Number | 17 |
| Group | Halogen |
| Block | p |
| Density | 3.119 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 79.904 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 23.5 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1826 |
|
| States |
| State | Liquid |
| Melting Point | 265.8 K |
| Boiling Point | 332.0 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | 588 K |
| Heat of Fusion | 10.571 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 29.96 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 1139.9 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 2103.4 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 3473.4 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 2.96 |
| Electron Affinity | 324.7 kJ/mole kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.473 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 112 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,7 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -1 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 7 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | -1 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 5 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | orthorhombic |
| Characteristics | diatomic,corrosive,liquid |
| Color | red-brown |
| Uses | pesticides, photography |
| Hardness | mohs |
| Toxicity | Yes |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | None |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | none, dissolves Br2(aq) |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | None |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | mild, =>OBr-, Br- |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | HBr |
| Oxide | Br2O BrO2 |
| Chloride | BrCl |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 114 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | 182 pm |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | Nil |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.12 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 0 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 3.1 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Seawater, brines |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 1.072 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 0.4 log |
|
