An acid is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen(H+) ions.
A base is a solution that has an excess of hydroxide(OH-) ions.
Another word for base is alkali. The strength of an acid or base can be either strong or weak.
* An acid that has a very low pH (0-4) are known as Strong acids.
* A base that has a very high pH (10-14) are known as Strong bases.
* An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution are known as Weak acids.
* A base that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution are known as Weak bases.
The table shows about the strength of Acids and Bases and their formula.
Acid/base
Type
Formula
Acetic acid
Weak acid
CH3COOH
Formic acid
Weak acid
HCOOH
Hydrofluoric acid
Weak acid
HF
Hydrogen sulfide
Weak acid
H2S
Nitric acid
Strong acid
HNO3
Hydrochloric acid
Strong acid
HCl
Hydroiodic acid
Strong acid
Hl
Perchloric acid
Strong acid
HClO4
Ammonia
Weak base
NH3
pyridine
Weak base
C5H5N
Ammonium hydroxide
Weak base
NH4OH
Lithium hydroxide
Strong Base
LiOH
Potassium hydroxide
Strong base
KOH
Calcium hydroxide:
Strong Base
Ca(OH)2
Barium hydroxide
Strong Base
Ba(OH)2
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